Linux添加硬盘扩充已有分区存储空间方式
总体步骤
磁盘初始化分区
创建物理卷
扩展卷组
扩展逻辑卷
通知文件系统生效
磁盘初始化分区
[root@oracledb ~]# fdisk -l磁盘 /dev/sda：214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节，419430400 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x0000373a 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVMWARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.磁盘 /dev/sdb：1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 字节，2147483648 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：gptDisk identifier: 0416CD57-7203-48B1-8D1C-6604E73EAFE5# Start End Size Type Name 1 2048 2147483614 1024G Linux filesyste磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：8455 MB, 8455716864 字节，16515072 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home：151.5 GB, 151523426304 字节，295944192 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
已有磁盘200G，添加一块1T的磁盘
[root@oracledb ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。使用写入命令前请三思。命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p磁盘 /dev/sdb：1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 字节，2147483648 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x55c66695 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 2048 2147483647 1073740800 83 Linux命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m命令操作 a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：gBuilding a new GPT disklabel (GUID: 0416CD57-7203-48B1-8D1C-6604E73EAFE5)命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p磁盘 /dev/sdb：1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 字节，2147483648 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：gptDisk identifier: 0416CD57-7203-48B1-8D1C-6604E73EAFE5# Start End Size Type Name命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n分区号 (1-128，默认 1)：第一个扇区 (2048-2147483614，默认 2048)：Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2147483614，默认 2147483614)：已创建分区 1命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p磁盘 /dev/sdb：1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 字节，2147483648 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：gptDisk identifier: 0416CD57-7203-48B1-8D1C-6604E73EAFE5# Start End Size Type Name 1 2048 2147483614 1024G Linux filesyste命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.正在同步磁盘。[root@oracledb ~]# 执行结果
[root@oracledb ~]# fdisk -l磁盘 /dev/sda：214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节，419430400 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：dos磁盘标识符：0x0000373a 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVMWARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.磁盘 /dev/sdb：1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 字节，2147483648 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘标签类型：gptDisk identifier: 0416CD57-7203-48B1-8D1C-6604E73EAFE5# Start End Size Type Name 1 2048 2147483614 1024G Linux filesyste磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：8455 MB, 8455716864 字节，16515072 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-home：151.5 GB, 151523426304 字节，295944192 个扇区Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
第二块磁盘分区已经创建，分配空间1T（全部空间）
创建物理卷
现有物理卷如下：
[root@oracledb ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos PV Size <199.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 50943 Free PE 1 Allocated PE 50942 PV UUID mBYtSA-2Hzk-QXQd-cDxv-P4Mu-6tX4-UVsrUd
创建物理卷
[root@oracledb dev]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1WARNING: ext3 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping ext3 signature on /dev/sdb1. Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. [root@oracledb dev]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos PV Size <199.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 50943 Free PE 1 Allocated PE 50942 PV UUID mBYtSA-2Hzk-QXQd-cDxv-P4Mu-6tX4-UVsrUd "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<1024.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name PV Size <1024.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID 1aGhki-as5k-8Eqh-Hraf-HS9x-SgZT-mij9Hz
扩展卷组
现有卷组
[root@oracledb dev]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <199.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 50943 Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB VG UUID 5BZGt4-mAIC-EAS1-o2T8-hyAD-1gXU-sG7Pwt
执行扩展
[root@oracledb dev]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1 Volume group "centos" successfully extended[root@oracledb dev]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 1.19 TiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 313086 Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB Free PE / Size 262144 / 1.00 TiB VG UUID 5BZGt4-mAIC-EAS1-o2T8-hyAD-1gXU-sG7Pwt
扩展逻辑卷
现有逻辑卷
[root@oracledb dev]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID VnspUh-5yWi-xLcu-LWeK-d3Bx-YfqO-i5opYp LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-10-17 19:44:08 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size <7.88 GiB Current LE 2016 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/home LV Name home VG Name centos LV UUID 0vTVTH-bxb8-02kQ-QWvd-yLdY-olDQ-dXacRh LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-10-17 19:44:09 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size <141.12 GiB Current LE 36126 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID HzVl83-V4BV-V6OA-32IE-fnPR-NPwF-4KPvk5 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-10-17 19:44:11 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0
扩展/dev/centos/home卷(/home分区)
[root@oracledb dev]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/home Size of logical volume centos/home changed from <141.12 GiB (36126 extents) to <1.14 TiB (298270 extents). Logical volume centos/home successfully resized.[root@oracledb dev]#[root@oracledb dev]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID VnspUh-5yWi-xLcu-LWeK-d3Bx-YfqO-i5opYp LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-10-17 19:44:08 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size <7.88 GiB Current LE 2016 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/home LV Name home VG Name centos LV UUID 0vTVTH-bxb8-02kQ-QWvd-yLdY-olDQ-dXacRh LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-10-17 19:44:09 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size <1.14 TiB Current LE 298270 Segments 3 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID HzVl83-V4BV-V6OA-32IE-fnPR-NPwF-4KPvk5 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-10-17 19:44:11 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0
通知文件系统生效
检查文件系统类型
[root@oracledb dev]# cat /etc/fstab## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Tue Oct 17 19:44:14 2017## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0UUID=d3ec0225-abeb-47ef-a209-9c1ba481bb02 /boot xfs defaults 0 0/dev/mapper/centos-home /home xfs defaults 0 0/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
注意，xfs文件系统使用 xfs_growfs，ext文件系统使用 resize2fs；xfs文件系统只支持增大不支持缩小
[root@oracledb dev]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/homemeta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=9248256 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=36993024, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=18063, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0data blocks changed from 36993024 to 305428480[root@oracledb dev]#
调整成功
[root@oracledb dev]# df -h文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 7.8G 43G 16% /devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /devtmpfs 7.8G 4.0K 7.8G 1% /dev/shmtmpfs 7.8G 9.1M 7.8G 1% /runtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1 1014M 234M 781M 24% /boot/dev/mapper/centos-home 1.2T 2.3G 1.2T 1% /hometmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1001tmpfs 1.6G 12K 1.6G 1% /run/user/42tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/1000